Tools and Taxes

Greetings from the Arctic! As I sit working, ice is accumulating on all the trees, the grass, the now, finally, the roads. How happy am I that technology lets me work wherever I am?

No, I'm not talking about hammers and screwdrivers today! I'm talking about the tax impact of different kinds of accounts you can use to save for retirement.

Basically, the tax treatment of your investment accounts take one of three forms, and they each have advantages and disadvantages.

1. You put the money in the account in pre-tax dollars. This means that you don't pay any tax on the money until you withdraw it during retirement. The idea is that you have more money to grow for all those years, and that helps your compound rate of return. (We talked about that a couple of days ago.) Then, once you are in retirement, you are supposed to be in a lower tax bracket, so when you take the withdrawal, you pay fewer taxes than if you had paid taxes back when you were working. This is the most common way to save for retirement. The only thing to ask yourself is whether or not you believe you are in a higher tax bracket today than where you will be in retirement. And this assumes that you do, in fact, retire. I'm beginning to think that for some people, retirement is actually no longer a major goal. Of course, health issues can interfere, but I really believe this demographic is changing quickly.

2. You put the money in a Roth IRA in after-tax dollars. If you wait until you are 59 1/2 and the account has been open for five years, when you take the distributions, you pay no tax. Withdrawals are totally tax free. I love Roth IRAs and will be devoting an entire blog to them in the near future.

3. You put the money in a normal, taxable account in after-tax dollars. Then, rather than paying income tax, you pay capital gains on the realized gains of each investment. A realized gain is a position you actually sold for a profit, not a position that you still hold. Also, if the investment pays any dividends, these are also taxable. Capital gains tax takes two forms: short term and long term. Short term capital gains are for those investments you have held less than a year. The short term capital gain rate is your ordinary income tax bracket. Long term capital gains are for those investments you have held longer than a year. Capital gains tax rates have been very low and are expected to increase, probably in 2011, but only to 20% on most investment portfolios. The advantage to this kind of account is the access to the funds and the lower tax bracket than ordinary income taxes.

What to do? I can't tell you. But I would suggest looking at your financial situation and deciding whether or not you would be wise to diversify the tax treatment of your invested money.

Be prosperous!
Peggy